Etiology:  These problems are often seen with overcrowding or prolonged shipping. Weanlings are particularly susceptible to starvation and water deprivation if they are unable to reach the food hopper or sipper tube on the water bottle.

Incidence:  The incidence of starvation and water deprivation are low in well-managed facilities.

Clinical Signs:  Clinical signs include ruffled hair coat and lethargy.

Pathology:  No gross lesions except an empty stomach and loss of body fat (adult gerbils only) are observed on post-mortem exam.

Diagnosis:  A good history and review of husbandry practices help in formulating a diagnosis.